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تا کجا میتوان با ساختارنادرست همراه بود؟

اثبات نیوز؛ گروه سیاسی: عباس عبدی، تحلیلگر مسائل سیاسی و اجتماعی در خصوص سیاست مقابله با کرونا در کشور در یادداشتی نوشت:سخنان انتقادی دکتر زالی، رییس ستاد مبارزه با کرونای استان تهران، بازتاب بسیار گستردهای داشت. پاسخ آقای ظریف نیز این بازتابها را بیشتر کرد. افکار عمومی متوجه شد که سیاستهای به غایت نادرستی در
اگر یک روزنامهنگار، برحسب وظیفه حرفهای خود این اطلاعات را افشا میکرد، بلافاصله با شکایت و مجازات مواجه میشد، ولی اکنون مسوولان خودشان این حرفها را در زمانی که چندان مفید نیست میزنند و اتفاقی هم برای آنان نمیافتد. کاری که وظیفه روزنامهنگار است و در زمان مناسب باید اعلام میکرد، اکنون و به صورت ناخوشایندی اعلام میشود و مردم حس میکنند که به آنان خیانت شده است.در هر حال این واقعه موجب شد که یک مساله جدیتری نیز آشکار شود. برخی از افراد نسبت به آقای زالی معترض بودند که چرا این حرفها را اکنون میزنید؟ چرا در زمان خودش نگفتید؟ اکنون که دولت تغییر میکند و شما هم رفتنی هستید، زمان افشاگری نیست. آیا منافع یا انگیزههای شخصی در میان است؟ این استدلال کمابیش علیه آقای ظریف هم بیان شد. چقدر این استدلال درست است؟ آیا هر مدیری به محض اینکه دید عمل یا سیاست نادرستی در جایی وجود دارد، باید افشاگری کند و به تبع آن نیز برکنار شود یا استعفا دهد؟ اگر پاسخ مثبت است، خوب هیچ وقت هیچ فرد متعارف و قابل قبولی در هیچ یک از پستهای دولتهای مشابه قرار نخواهد گرفت. اگر باید تا آخر ماند و هیچ نگفت، خوب پس اصلا چرا در آن پست حضور یافتهای که بخواهید فقط در نقش مالهکش خرابکاریها و حتی همراهی با آن حاضر شوید؟ این یکی از مهمترین پرسشها در سیاست عملی است. چگونه و تا کجا میتوان با ساختاری که تصمیمات نادرست میگیرد، همراه بود و پس از آن نقطه باید جدا شد؟به نظر بنده طراح این پرسش یکی از مهمترین چالشهای سیاست در ایران و جوامع مشابه است. چون بیشتر جوامع کنونی در وضعیتی نیستند که حکومتهای آنان کاملا شفاف باشد. خیلی از امور به علل گوناگونی در پرده و پنهان میماند. فساد و رفیقبازی و دیگر انگیزههای شخصی در تصمیمات وجود دارد، بیتوجهی به رای و نظر کارشناسان به وفور دیده میشود، شکاف قدرت و مسوولیت وجود دارد، رفتارهای غیرقانونی هم هست، همه اینها موجب میشود که مدیران در نحوه برخوردشان با این امور به چند گروه تقسیم شوند.
گروه اول کسانی هستند که با همه این تخلفات و عدم شفافیتها مخالف هستند و به سرعت جلوی آنها میایستند و در اولین گام اعتراض کرده و از کار نیز اخراج میشوند یا تغییرشان میدهند. گروه دوم کسانی هستند که خودشان کار خلافی مرتکب نمیشوند و به کارهای خلاف نیز کمک نمیکنند ولی در برابر اقدامات خلاف نیز نمیایستند. گروه سوم، نه تنها مخالف اقدامات خلاف هستند، بلکه با آنان همراهی نمیکنند و تا حد ممکن نیز به اصلاح امور کمک میکنند. و بالاخره گروه چهارم که جزیی از ساختار میشوند و با آنان همراهی هم میکنند. داوری درباره گروه دوم و چهارم روشن است. گروه چهارم را باید به صورت مطلق محکوم کرد و گروه دوم نیز به طور نسبی قابل محکوم شدن هستند.
ولی میان گروه اول و سوم کدام را باید ترجیح داد؟ به ظاهر گروه اول قاطعانه در برابر تخلف میایستد و مقابله میکند، ولی در عوض به سرعت حذف میشود و کسانی جایگزین آنها میشوند که به لحاظ رفتاری بیشتر به گروه چهارم یا دوم نزدیک هستند. در حقیقت او وارد کاری شده که پیشاپیش باید میدانست که بقایش با شیوه رفتاری گروه اول قابل دوام نیست.
چنین افرادی به سرعت به حاشیه رانده میشوند. شاید در عرصه عمومی و روشنفکری کارآیی خوبی داشته باشند ولی در عرصه اجرا معلوم نیست که کارآمد باشند. بنابراین در چنین ساختارهایی موثرترین افراد کسانی هستند که رفتار گروه سوم را پیشه میکنند. درست است که برخی جاها سکوت میکنند ولی خدماتی هم دارند که اگر نباشند از این خدمات خبری نیست. بهعلاوه در گفتار و کردار هم با سیاستهای نادرست همراهی نمیکنند. ولی یک نکته مهم است؛ تا کجا باید این سیاست را ادامه داد؟ در واقع گروه سوم در یک طیف قرار دارند که یک سر آن افراد گروه اول است و یک سر دیگر آن افراد گروه چهارم هستند. تا کجا میتوان این راه را ادامه داد؟ در تاریخ ایران از هر چهار گروه داشتهایم، شاید گروه اول قهرمانتر از بقیه باشند، ولی خیر چندانی از آنان به جامعه نرسیده است.
گروه دوم، معمولا کماهمیت هستند. گروه سوم کارآمدترین هستند و گروه چهارم نیز خائنین به مردم هستند. پرسش اصلی این است، نقطهای که نباید از آن جلوتر بروند کجاست؟ به نظرم پاسخ کلیشهای نمیتوان داد. این را باید به عرف عقلا و جمعی و برداشت عمومی واگذار کرد. فرد باید هدفش تحقق خیر عمومی باشد و بداند مردم متوجه وجود این رفتار و انگیزه میشوند. میان افراد فرصتطلبی که برای خوشایند دست به افشاگری میزنند، با کسانی که در فرصت مناسب لب به سخن میگشایند فرق است و مردم متوجه میشوند. در هر حال این یک چالش مهم در داوریهای روزمره ما است. اگر نگاهمان مطلقگرا باشد باید همه را محکوم کنیم، ولی واقعیت این است که در میان همگان میتوان فرق خائن و خادم را بازشناخت.
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