کد خبر : 135622
تاریخ انتشار : جمعه 11 فوریه 2022 - 3:23

کلاهبرداران چگونه موفق به سرقت رمزارزها می‌شوند؟

کلاهبرداران چگونه موفق به سرقت رمزارزها می‌شوند؟

مقامات آمریکا روز سه‌شنبه اعلام کردند که محموله‌ای از رمزارزها به ارزش سه میلیارد و ۶۰۰ میلیون دلار را که در سال ۲۰۱۶ به سرقت رفته بود ضبط کردند. انتشار این خبر، کلاهبرداری در دنیای مجازی را به عنوان جنبه‌ای از شور و هیجان ایجاد شده پیرامون رمزارزها که کمتر شناخته شده است در کانون

مقامات آمریکا روز سه‌شنبه اعلام کردند که محموله‌ای از رمزارزها به ارزش سه میلیارد و ۶۰۰ میلیون دلار را که در سال ۲۰۱۶ به سرقت رفته بود ضبط کردند.

انتشار این خبر، کلاهبرداری در دنیای مجازی را به عنوان جنبه‌ای از شور و هیجان ایجاد شده پیرامون رمزارزها که کمتر شناخته شده است در کانون توجه‌ها قرار داد.

پرسشی که در این میان در ذهن بسیاری از علاقمندان به دنیای رمزارزها شکل گرفته این است که سارقان چگونه در دنیای مجازی دست به سرقت می‌زنند؟

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هک کردن مبادلات

Canva
رمزارزهاCanva

بیت‌کوین و دیگر رمزارزها مانند دیگر کالاها در خارج از دنیای مجازی و در جریان مبادلات خرید و فروش می‌شوند. این در حالی است که سرمایه‌گذاران و کسانی که زمینه مبادلات رمزارز را فراهم می‌کنند اغلب با ساز و کاری متشکل و مرکزی همراه با نظارت سازمان‌یافته بر این روند مخالفت می‌کنند.

امری که می‌تواند امنیت روند خرید و فروش و ذخیره رمزارزها را خدشه‌دار کند.

منوئل والنت، یکی از مسئولان «کوین‌هاوس»، شرکتی فرانسوی که در عرصه تراکنش رمزارزها فعالیت می‌کند می‌گوید: «موجودی سایت‌های مبادله در عرصه رمزارزها همیشه نسبتا زیاد است.»

وی می‌افزاید: «اما در نظر داشته باشید که اینها سرور یا دستگاه‌ هستند. خراب‌کارها گاهی می‌توانند به داخل این سرورها نفوذ کنند و پول بدزدند.»

وقتی گذرواژه‌ها را سرقت کردید بیت‌کوین‌ها را از آدرسی به آدرس دیگر منتقل می‌کنید و مردم دیگر به آن بیت‌کوین‌ها دسترسی نخواهند داشت.

منوئل والنت
از مسئولان «کوین‌هاوس»

او تاکید می‌کند که بیشتر این مشکلات به دلیل سطح پائین امنیت روی می‌دهد. الکساندر استاچچنکو، از مسئولان شرکت «کی پی ام جی» که در زمینه مشاوره مالی خدمات ارائه می‌کند با تائید وجود مشکل امنیتی در این زمینه می‌گوید که برخی از پایگاه‌های مبادلاتی همچنان گذرواژه‌ها را بر روی سرورهایشان ثبت می‌کنند.

وی می‌گوید: «به این ترتیب اگر به داخل سرور نفوذ کنید می‌توانید گذرواژه‌ها را سرقت کنید.»

او می‌افزاید: «وقتی گذرواژه‌ها را سرقت کردید بیت‌کوین‌ها را از آدرسی به آدرس دیگر منتقل می‌کنید و مردم دیگر به آن بیت‌کوین‌ها دسترسی نخواهند داشت.»

هک کردن بلاک‌چین

پایه و اساس رمزارزها مبتنی بر بلاک‌چین (زنجیره بلوکی) است. تمام جزئیات تراکنش‌هایی که در زمینه رمزارزها صورت می‌گیرد در بلاک‌چین ذخیره می‌شود. ارتباط زنجیره‌ای و قفل‌مانند بین هر بلاک باعث می‌شود که امکان تغییر مجموعه‌ای از کدها بدون دگرگونی در کل زنجیره ممکن نباشد.

با این حال این تئوری وجود دارد که اگر گروهی بتواند بیش از ۵۰ درصد یک بلاک‌چین خاص را به دست آورد می‌تواند تراکنش‌ها را بازنویسی کند. یک مرکز مبادله رمزارز مدعی شده است که به همین ترتیب در جریان حمله‌ای سایبری که در سال ۲۰۱۹ روی داد مبلغ ۲۰۰ هزار دلار ضرر کرد.

این کار [هک کردن بلاک‌چین] به دلیل میزان انرژی مورد نیازش دیگر در مورد بیت‌کوین جواب نخواهد داد.

اریکا استنفورد
نویسنده

با این حال کارشناسان بر این باورند که هک‌کردن بلاک‌چین رمزارزهای اصلی در بازار مانند بیت‌کوین غیرممکن است.

اریکا استنفورد، نویسنده کتابی درباره رمزارزها می‌گوید: «این کار به دلیل میزان انرژی مورد نیازش دیگر در مورد بیت‌کوین جواب نخواهد داد.»

جرائم جانبی مرتبط با رمزارزها

Canva
کلاهبرداری اینترنتیCanva

بسیاری از کلاهبرداری‌هایی که در زمینه رمزارزها صورت می‌گیرد به جای اینکه به فناوری آن ربط داشته باشد با استفاده از روش‌های مرسوم اخاذی و تقلب صورت می‌گیرد.

سارقان در جریان این کلاهبرداری‌ها درخواست پرداخت در قالب رمزارز را مطرح می‌کنند.

یکی از رایج‌ترین روش‌های کلاهبرداری در بازار رمزارز مشابه شیوه کلاهبرداری با ترفند پانزی است.

در پرفند پانزی به سرمایه‌گذاران در ابتدا به شکلی غیرعادی سودی بیشتر از معمول تعلق می‌گیرد. به این ترتیب کلاهبردان موفق به اغوای سرمایه‌گذارها می‌شوند.

کلاهبرداری اصلی چندان درباره رمزارزها نیست بلکه مبتنی بر این باور است که می‌توان به سرعت ثروتمند شد تا مردم تشویق به سرمایه‌گذاری شوند.

اریکا استنفورد
نویسنده

در دنیای رمزارزها نیز کلاهبردان با الهام از ترفند پانزی قیمت رمزارزشان را بالا تعیین می‌کنند تا پس از آنکه قیمت آن به اوج رسید همه رمزارزهایشان را بفروشند. به این ترتیب سرمایه‌گذاران به دنبال سقوط قیمت رمزارز سرمایه‌شان را از دست می‌دهند.

این شکل از کلاهبرداری‌ها هر چند محدود به دنیای رمزارزها نیست اما تخمین زده می‌شود که سارقان در سال ۲۰۱۹ هفت میلیارد دلار از این راه درآمد داشتند.

اریکا استنفورد در این باره می‌گوید: «کلاهبرداری اصلی چندان درباره رمزارزها نیست بلکه مبتنی بر این باور است که می‌توان به سرعت ثروتمند شد تا مردم تشویق به سرمایه‌گذاری شوند.»

او در عین حال تاکید می‌کند که اوج اینگونه کلاهبرداری‌ها بین سال‌های ۲۰۱۶ و ۲۰۱۸ روی داد و اکنون سرمایه‌گذارها در بازار رمزارزها کمتر در برابر اینگونه کلاهبرداری‌ها آسیب‌پذیر هستند.

الکساندر استاچچنکو نیز معتقد است که بسیاری از پایگاه‌های اصلی مبادله رمزارز اکنون میزان ایمنی تراکنش‌های خود را برای مقابله با هکرها بالا برده‌اند. منوئل والنت هم می‌گوید سطح نظارت‌ها به حدی بالا رفته است که کلاهبردارها حتی اگر سال‌ها نیز رمزارز سرقتی خود را پنهان کنند در نهایت امکان استفاده از آن را نخواهند داشت.

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