کد خبر : 136091
تاریخ انتشار : جمعه 18 فوریه 2022 - 3:25

کشف و ردیابی شبکه قاچاق از طریق تحلیل دی‌ان‌ای عاج فیل‌ها در آفریقا

کشف و ردیابی شبکه قاچاق از طریق تحلیل دی‌ان‌ای عاج فیل‌ها در آفریقا

یک مطالعه جدید که بر روی دی‌ان‌ای عاج‌های توقیف شده انجام شده نشان می‌دهد سه کارتل بزرگ تبهکار در پشت قاچاق بخش عمده عاج فیل به خارج از آفریقا قرار دارند. محققان در این پژوهش از عاج‌های کشف‌شده و شواهدی مانند سوابق تلفنی افراد، پلاک‌ خودروها، پیشینه مالی مجرمان و اسناد ترانزیتی و ترابری برای

یک مطالعه جدید که بر روی دی‌ان‌ای عاج‌های توقیف شده انجام شده نشان می‌دهد سه کارتل بزرگ تبهکار در پشت قاچاق بخش عمده عاج فیل به خارج از آفریقا قرار دارند.

محققان در این پژوهش از عاج‌های کشف‌شده و شواهدی مانند سوابق تلفنی افراد، پلاک‌ خودروها، پیشینه مالی مجرمان و اسناد ترانزیتی و ترابری برای بازسازی جغرافیایی عملیات قاچاق در سراسر قاره آفریقا و درک بهتر این‌که چه فرد یا گروهی پشت این جرائم هستند استفاده کردند.

ساموئل واسر، زیست‌شناس محیطی در دانشگاه واشنگتن و یکی از نویسندگان این مطالعه، می‌گوید امیدوار است این یافته‌ها به مجریان قانون کمک کند تا به جای شکارچیان رده پایین (که به راحتی توسط سازمان‌های مجرم جایگزین می‌شوند) رهبران این شبکه‌ها را هدف قرار دهند.

جمعیت فیل‌های آفریقا به سرعت در حال کاهش است. در یک قرن پیش حدود ۵ میلیون فیل روی زمین زیست می‌کردند، این در حالی است که تعداد کل فیل‌ها در آفریقا اکنون حدود ۴۱۵ هزار زنجیر تخمین زده می‌شود. ممنوعیت تجارت بین‌المللی عاج در سال ۱۹۸۹ نیز مانع از این کاهش جمعیت نشده است.

هر ساله بخش عمده‌ای از حدود نیم میلیون کیلوگرم (معادل ۵۰۰ متریک تن) عاج فیل‌های شکار شده در آفریقا سر از آسیا در می‌آورد. در دو دهه گذشته، تمرکز محققان پیدا کردن پاسخ برای این سوالات بوده است که بیشتر فیل برای به دست آوردن عاج‌های آنان در کجا شکار می‌شوند، چه کسانی آن را جابجا می‌کنند و قاچاقچیان چه تعداد هستند؟

پژوهشگران در دانشگاه واشنگتن آمریکا برای تحقیق خود با مقامات حیات‌وحش در کنیا، سنگاپور، هنگ کنگ، مالزی برای رهگیری محموله‌های عاج تماس گرفته‌اند تا نمونه‌های کوچکی از عاج‌ها را برای تجزیه و تحلیل دی‌ان‌ای در اختیار بگیرند. محققان با بررسی نمونه‌های عاج ۴۳۰۰ زنجیر فیل که از سال ۱۹۹۵ بدین سو به خارج از آفریقا قاچاق شده‌اند دریافتند که یافتن دی‌ان‌ای یکسان در عاج‌های کشف‌شده از دو منطقه مختلف نشان می‌دهد که آن‌ها از یک حیوان هستند و احتمالا توسط یک شبکه شکار غیرقانونی قاچاق شده‌اند.

پژوهشگران سپس رویکرد خود برای شناسایی دی‌ان‌ای را به خانواده بزرگتر فیل‌ها (متشکل از فیل‌های خواهر و برادر و همچنین فرزندان آن‌ها) گسترش دادند و دریافتند که تعداد محدودی از گروه‌های تبهکار در پشت سر قاچاق عاج در آفریقا قرار دارند.

از آنجایی که فیل‌های ماده در تمام طول زندگی خود در یک گروه خانوادگی باقی می‌مانند و بیشتر فیل‌های نر خیلی از گله خانواده خود دور نمی‌شوند، محققان تصور می‌کنند که عاج‌های اعضای یک خانواده احتمالاً در یک زمان به صورت غیرقانونی شکار شده‌اند.

جان براون، از دفتر تحقیقات امنیت داخلی آمریکا، که به مدت ۲۵ سال بر روی جرائم زیست محیطی کار کرده است می‌گوید: «قبلاً وقتی یک محموله عاج رهگیری و توقیف می‌شد، به دلیل محدود بودن، معمولا به مقامات این اجازه را نمی‌داد که سازمان عامل ارتکاب جرم را شناسایی کنند.»

با این حال اکنون پیوندهای ژنتیکی همراه با شواهد دیگر از جمله سوابق تلفن همراه، پلاک ها، اسناد حمل و نقل و صورت های مالی به افراد پلیس کمک می‌کند تا بتوانند سرنخ‌هایی از ارتباط محموله‌های مختلف عاج با هم بیابند.

ماموران تاکنون چندین کانون شکار غیرقانونی از جمله مناطقی در تانزانیا، کنیا، بوتسوانا، گابن و جمهوری کنگو را شناسایی کرده‌اند. عاج‌ها پس از شکار غیرقانونی اغلب به انبارهایی در مکان دیگری منتقل می شوند تا با سایر کالاهای قاچاق در کانتینرهای حمل و نقل مخلوط شوند، و سپس به بنادر منتقل می‌شوند.

به اینستاگرام یورونیوز فارسی بپیوندید

قاچاقچیانی که عاج را قاچاق می‌کنند، اغلب کالاهای قاچاق دیگر را نیز همراه آن‌ها جابه‌جا می‌کنند. برای مثال، یک چهارم فلس‌های پانگولین در محموله‌هایی با عاج منتقل می‌شوند. مقامات پلیس می‌گویند کامپالا در اوگاندا، مومباسا در کنیا و لومه در توگو مراکز قاچاق اصلی در حال حاضر به شمار می‌روند.

در نتیجه تحقیقات ژنتیکی اخیر از عاج‌ها، دو مظنون به دست داشتن در شبکه قاچاق دستگیر شده‌اند.

برایان آرنولد، زیست‌شناس تکاملی در دانشگاه پرینستون، می‌گوید: «مقابله با این شبکه‌ها مثال خوبی است از اینکه چگونه می‌توان از ژنتیک برای اهداف حفاظت از گونه‌های زیستی استفاده کرد».

نتایج این تحقیق در نشریه علمی «Nature Human Behavior» منتشر شده است.

منبع: یورنیوز

برچسب ها :

ناموجود
ارسال نظر شما
مجموع نظرات : 31 در انتظار بررسی : 0 انتشار یافته : 31
  • نظرات ارسال شده توسط شما، پس از تایید توسط مدیران سایت منتشر خواهد شد.
  • نظراتی که حاوی تهمت یا افترا باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.
  • نظراتی که به غیر از زبان فارسی یا غیر مرتبط با خبر باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.

air jordan سه‌شنبه , 31 اکتبر 2023 - 22:43

I discovered your weblog website on google and examine a number of of your early posts. Proceed to maintain up the very good operate. I simply additional up your RSS feed to my MSN News Reader. In search of ahead to reading extra from you afterward!?
air jordan https://www.air-jordanoutlet.com

kyrie irving shoes جمعه , 3 نوامبر 2023 - 3:52

Would you be concerned about exchanging links?
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirvingshoes.us

kyrie irving shoes سه‌شنبه , 14 نوامبر 2023 - 9:37

I must convey my passion for your generosity supporting those individuals that really want help with that area of interest. Your very own commitment to getting the message along had been exceedingly important and has really empowered folks like me to realize their dreams. Your new helpful key points signifies this much to me and further more to my office workers. With thanks; from all of us.
kyrie irving shoes https://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com

golden goose shoes جمعه , 17 نوامبر 2023 - 3:29

Thank you a lot for giving everyone such a special chance to check tips from this blog. It really is so amazing and also packed with amusement for me and my office friends to visit your site at minimum three times weekly to see the latest stuff you have. And indeed, we’re always happy with your fantastic opinions served by you. Selected 3 points in this post are ultimately the most efficient I’ve had.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengooseshoes.us.org

jordans shoes شنبه , 25 نوامبر 2023 - 4:08

I wanted to put you that tiny observation just to say thank you the moment again for all the marvelous thoughts you have documented here. It’s quite wonderfully open-handed of people like you to make extensively all that a lot of people might have marketed for an e book to get some dough for themselves, chiefly considering that you could possibly have tried it in case you desired. These principles as well worked to provide a fantastic way to fully grasp some people have a similar fervor much like mine to figure out significantly more in respect of this issue. I think there are millions of more enjoyable instances ahead for individuals that check out your blog post.
jordans shoes http://www.jordansshoes.us.org

yeezy shoes شنبه , 2 دسامبر 2023 - 8:36

My spouse and i were really lucky when Emmanuel could deal with his inquiry because of the ideas he got out of your blog. It is now and again perplexing to simply always be giving freely tips that other people have been making money from. And we also remember we have got the blog owner to thank because of that. Those illustrations you have made, the easy blog navigation, the friendships you give support to create – it’s got many terrific, and it’s really leading our son and us recognize that this matter is amusing, which is certainly quite vital. Thank you for all the pieces!
yeezy shoes http://www.shoes-yeezy.us

bape hoodie شنبه , 9 دسامبر 2023 - 22:38

I precisely wished to thank you very much once more. I am not sure what I would have done without the type of hints provided by you on this field. It truly was a very frightening situation in my view, however , viewing this well-written fashion you solved that forced me to cry for gladness. I am happy for this information and thus believe you find out what a great job you have been doing educating men and women through the use of your websites. I am certain you’ve never met any of us.
bape hoodie http://www.bape-hoodie.com

yeezy outlet دوشنبه , 18 دسامبر 2023 - 15:25

Thank you for every one of your labor on this web site. My mom enjoys participating in internet research and it’s really easy to see why. We all hear all relating to the dynamic means you create advantageous things through this web site and as well boost participation from other ones about this article and our own girl has been becoming educated a lot of things. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. You’re the one performing a powerful job.
yeezy outlet http://www.yeezyboost.us

palm angels clothing چهارشنبه , 20 دسامبر 2023 - 9:27

My husband and i ended up being now thankful Albert could complete his survey out of the precious recommendations he discovered using your blog. It is now and again perplexing just to choose to be handing out tactics other folks could have been trying to sell. And we all do understand we now have the website owner to be grateful to for that. The specific explanations you have made, the straightforward blog navigation, the friendships you can give support to engender – it’s most sensational, and it’s really making our son and the family imagine that that theme is cool, which is pretty vital. Thank you for the whole thing!
palm angels clothing http://www.palmangels-clothing.com

off white چهارشنبه , 27 دسامبر 2023 - 12:57

I precisely desired to thank you very much again. I do not know the things that I would have made to happen without the type of smart ideas provided by you relating to my field. It had become a real frightful setting in my position, however , being able to view the very specialised way you handled it forced me to jump with contentment. I am happy for this guidance as well as sincerely hope you realize what an amazing job you are providing educating the mediocre ones with the aid of a site. I am certain you’ve never met all of us.
off white https://www.off-whites.us

supreme جمعه , 29 دسامبر 2023 - 19:45

I would like to get across my respect for your kind-heartedness in support of folks that must have guidance on your topic. Your special dedication to getting the solution up and down had been certainly powerful and have really encouraged guys and women like me to get to their goals. Your new valuable guidelines indicates much to me and extremely more to my office colleagues. Many thanks; from everyone of us.
supreme http://www.supremesonline.com

ball star golden goose جمعه , 29 دسامبر 2023 - 22:23

After research just a few of the weblog posts on your web site now, and I truly like your method of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website record and might be checking again soon. Pls try my web site as properly and let me know what you think.
ball star golden goose http://www.golden-goosesoutlet.com/ball-star-c-14_16

kyrie shoes یکشنبه , 31 دسامبر 2023 - 1:27

I enjoy you because of all of the work on this blog. My daughter really likes managing internet research and it’s simple to grasp why. Almost all learn all of the compelling form you render very important strategies on your website and increase response from website visitors about this content and our simple princess is always becoming educated a great deal. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You’re carrying out a wonderful job.
kyrie shoes http://www.kyrie-7.com

off white t shirt سه‌شنبه , 2 ژانویه 2024 - 2:17

I happen to be commenting to let you be aware of of the cool experience my wife’s daughter undergone checking your web site. She figured out so many things, including how it is like to have an awesome giving spirit to make the mediocre ones completely grasp specific extremely tough issues. You truly did more than readers’ expectations. Many thanks for offering those powerful, trusted, edifying not to mention fun tips on the topic to Tanya.
off white t shirt http://www.offwhitetshirt.us.com

supreme outlet پنج‌شنبه , 4 ژانویه 2024 - 20:02

Thank you a lot for giving everyone remarkably breathtaking possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this web site. It’s always very excellent plus jam-packed with amusement for me and my office peers to visit the blog at least thrice weekly to find out the latest things you have got. Of course, I am actually satisfied considering the staggering pointers you serve. Selected 4 facts in this article are ultimately the simplest we’ve ever had.
supreme outlet http://www.supremeclothingstore.com

golden goose پنج‌شنبه , 4 ژانویه 2024 - 23:55

This really answered my drawback, thank you!
golden goose https://www.golden-gooses.com

off white jordan 1 شنبه , 6 ژانویه 2024 - 2:32

I definitely wanted to compose a brief message so as to appreciate you for all the pleasant techniques you are giving out here. My prolonged internet investigation has at the end been paid with sensible ideas to share with my visitors. I ‘d state that that we site visitors are undeniably fortunate to be in a really good site with many lovely individuals with very beneficial basics. I feel really happy to have seen the webpages and look forward to some more thrilling moments reading here. Thanks a lot once again for all the details.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com

goyard bags یکشنبه , 7 ژانویه 2024 - 8:30

I not to mention my buddies have been viewing the nice things from your web blog and quickly came up with a terrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web blog owner for those strategies. These ladies were definitely as a result very interested to study all of them and have in effect extremely been having fun with those things. I appreciate you for being indeed considerate and then for picking out these kinds of excellent tips most people are really desirous to learn about. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
goyard bags http://www.goyardshandbag.com

hermes outlet دوشنبه , 8 ژانویه 2024 - 18:28

A lot of thanks for all of the work on this web page. My aunt delights in carrying out investigation and it is easy to see why. I learn all regarding the powerful method you give both useful and interesting guides via your website and as well attract participation from some others about this concept while my child has always been being taught a whole lot. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You’re the one doing a wonderful job.
hermes outlet https://www.hermesoutlets.com

kd 15 سه‌شنبه , 9 ژانویه 2024 - 23:05

I wish to voice my gratitude for your generosity in support of men who absolutely need guidance on this one concept. Your special dedication to passing the solution all through ended up being extraordinarily helpful and have continuously made guys much like me to get to their aims. The interesting key points signifies this much a person like me and somewhat more to my fellow workers. Thanks a ton; from everyone of us.
kd 15 http://www.kd15shoes.com

westbrook shoes پنج‌شنبه , 11 ژانویه 2024 - 4:26

I simply desired to thank you very much once again. I am not sure the things I would’ve created without the type of secrets shared by you directly on such theme. This has been a depressing matter in my opinion, however , spending time with this professional style you handled that forced me to cry with fulfillment. I am grateful for your advice and in addition believe you recognize what a great job you are carrying out training people today with the aid of a web site. I know that you have never come across all of us.
westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us

paul george جمعه , 12 ژانویه 2024 - 10:36

I intended to post you that little bit of note to finally thank you very much yet again for those striking concepts you’ve discussed on this site. It’s simply tremendously open-handed of you in giving easily just what some people could possibly have advertised for an ebook in making some dough for their own end, most importantly given that you could have done it in case you considered necessary. These solutions also worked like the good way to understand that many people have similar desire similar to my own to learn a little more on the topic of this matter. I’m sure there are many more enjoyable opportunities up front for many who browse through your blog post.
paul george http://www.paulgeorge.us.com

goyard outlet شنبه , 13 ژانویه 2024 - 15:33

I wish to show some thanks to the writer just for rescuing me from such a instance. As a result of surfing around through the online world and meeting suggestions which were not productive, I assumed my entire life was done. Being alive without the strategies to the difficulties you’ve sorted out by means of your site is a serious case, and those that might have adversely damaged my career if I hadn’t come across your web blog. Your main capability and kindness in controlling every item was vital. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not discovered such a thing like this. I can at this moment relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for this professional and effective guide. I will not be reluctant to suggest the blog to any individual who desires counselling about this subject.
goyard outlet http://www.goyardshandbag.us

kd 13 یکشنبه , 14 ژانویه 2024 - 22:58

I wanted to post you one very little note to help thank you yet again for those lovely views you’ve shared above. It’s quite seriously generous with you to deliver without restraint precisely what a number of people could possibly have distributed as an electronic book to earn some dough for themselves, chiefly considering that you might well have tried it if you ever decided. Those guidelines as well acted to become easy way to be certain that other people have the same eagerness really like my personal own to know the truth way more around this matter. Certainly there are lots of more fun opportunities up front for individuals that check out your blog post.
kd 13 http://www.kd13shoes.us

golden goose skystar سه‌شنبه , 16 ژانویه 2024 - 1:34

It抯 exhausting to find educated individuals on this topic, however you sound like you know what you抮e talking about! Thanks
golden goose skystar http://www.goldengoosesneakerssale.us.com/skystar-c-4_5_62

off white سه‌شنبه , 16 ژانویه 2024 - 1:38

I precisely desired to appreciate you all over again. I am not sure what I might have handled in the absence of the actual suggestions provided by you relating to such question. Completely was an absolute hard crisis in my opinion, but viewing this expert form you treated it forced me to jump with fulfillment. I will be happy for the work and hope you realize what an amazing job that you are carrying out teaching other individuals all through your webblog. I am certain you haven’t encountered any of us.
off white http://www.offwhite-shoes.us.org

Jordan Travis Scott چهارشنبه , 17 ژانویه 2024 - 1:37

My spouse and i got really cheerful that Louis managed to deal with his investigations because of the ideas he acquired out of your site. It is now and again perplexing just to be offering helpful hints most people may have been selling. We remember we need the website owner to thank for that. All the explanations you made, the simple web site navigation, the friendships you help foster – it’s got mostly awesome, and it’s assisting our son in addition to us feel that that situation is satisfying, and that’s quite important. Thank you for the whole thing!
Jordan Travis Scott http://www.travisscotjordan.com

jordan retro پنج‌شنبه , 18 ژانویه 2024 - 2:09

I precisely wished to thank you very much all over again. I’m not certain the things that I would have done without these aspects contributed by you concerning such a theme. Certainly was a real troublesome problem in my opinion, but encountering your professional mode you handled it made me to jump for delight. Now i’m thankful for your service as well as expect you comprehend what a powerful job you are always putting in educating others through your web blog. I know that you’ve never got to know all of us.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com

off white outlet جمعه , 19 ژانویه 2024 - 4:05

My wife and i ended up being quite lucky Edward could complete his researching from your ideas he gained using your blog. It is now and again perplexing just to possibly be making a gift of information which often people might have been trying to sell. And we also figure out we have you to appreciate for that. Most of the illustrations you made, the simple website navigation, the relationships you will help to create – it is most astounding, and it is aiding our son and the family know that the theme is exciting, and that is wonderfully vital. Many thanks for the whole thing!
off white outlet http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org

goyard سه‌شنبه , 23 ژانویه 2024 - 12:22

A lot of thanks for all of your labor on this web site. My aunt loves making time for investigation and it is obvious why. I notice all concerning the compelling tactic you deliver sensible tips and tricks by means of this blog and as well invigorate participation from other ones about this article and my girl is really learning a lot. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. Your doing a glorious job.
goyard http://www.goyardhandbag.us.org

28425 Auto Glass Shop سه‌شنبه , 12 مارس 2024 - 19:57

Your thoughtful analysis has really made me think. Thanks for the great enjoy reading!