کد خبر : 142394
تاریخ انتشار : سه‌شنبه 31 می 2022 - 20:21

پدیدار شدن بقایای شهر باستانی ۳۴۰۰ ساله پس از کاهش سطح آب پشت سد موصل

پدیدار شدن بقایای شهر باستانی ۳۴۰۰ ساله پس از کاهش سطح آب پشت سد موصل

تیمی از باستان‌شناسان آلمانی و کرد، بقایای شهری ۳۴۰۰ ساله متعلق به دوران امپراتوری میتانی را در عراق کشف کرده‌اند که زمانی در ساحل رودخانه دجله قرار داشته است. این شهر باستانی که در اقلیم کردستان عراق واقع شده است، پس از آن پدیدار شد که مسئولان محلی برای جلوگیری از خشک شدن محصولات زراعی در

تیمی از باستان‌شناسان آلمانی و کرد، بقایای شهری ۳۴۰۰ ساله متعلق به دوران امپراتوری میتانی را در عراق کشف کرده‌اند که زمانی در ساحل رودخانه دجله قرار داشته است.

این شهر باستانی که در اقلیم کردستان عراق واقع شده است، پس از آن پدیدار شد که مسئولان محلی برای جلوگیری از خشک شدن محصولات زراعی در ماه دسامبر مقادیر زیادی آب از مخزن سد موصل که مهمترین منبع ذخیره آب عراق است برداشت کردند. این مسئله موجب شد سطح آب پشت سد پایین بیاید و شهری متعلق به عصر برنز که چندین دهه پیش بدون هیچ گونه تحقیقات باستان‌شناسی قبلی زیر آب رفته بود دوباره ظاهر شود.

در پی این رویداد پیش‌بینی‌نشده، باستان‌شناسان با عجله دست به کار شدند تا قبل از اینکه شهر دوباره به زیر آب برود دستکم بخش‌هایی مهم از آن را در سریع‌ترین زمان ممکن حفاری و مستندسازی کنند چرا که مشخص نبود چه زمانی آب در مخزن دوباره بالا می‌آید.

کارشناسان می‌گویند کاخ و چندین ساختمان عظیم کشف شده می‌توانند متعلق به شهر باستانی «زخیکو» باشند که گمان می‌رود یکی از مراکز مهم امپراتوری میتانی در حدود سال‌های ۱۵۵۰ تا ۱۳۵۰ قبل از میلاد بوده است. پیشتر کاخی به نام «کمونه» متعلق به همین دوران در بستر رودخانه دجله کشف شده بود که به گفته باستان‌شناسان در زمان خود در فاصله ۲۰ متری دجله قرار داشته است.

Photo: Universities of Freiburg and Tübingen, KAO
باستان‌شناسان می‌گویند سالم ماندن لوح‌های گلی پس از دهه‌ها تماس با آب حیرت‌انگیز استPhoto: Universities of Freiburg and Tübingen, KAO

باستان‌شناسانی از دانشگاه‌های فرایبورگ و توبینگن آلمان به همراه سازمان باستان‌شناسی اقلیم کردستان عراق حفاری‌ها را در منطقه دهوک اقلیم در ژانویه و فوریه ۲۰۲۲ انجام دادند و در مدت کوتاهی موفق شدند تا حد زیادی از شهر نقشه‌برداری کنند. 

علاوه بر یک کاخ چندین بنای بزرگ دیگر شامل استحکامات عظیم با دیوار و برج‌ها، چند طبقه انباری و یک مجتمع صنعتی در این حفاری‌ها کشف شد. قدمت این مجموعه شهری به زمان امپراتوری میتانی برمی‌گردد که بخش‌های وسیعی از شمال بین‌النهرین و سوریه را تحت کنترل داشت.

دکتر ایوانا پولجیز، باستان‌شناس در دانشگاه فرایبورگ آلمان، می‌گوید: «ساختمان بزرگ کشف‌شده از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است زیرا مقادیر زیادی کالا در آن ذخیره شده که احتمالاً از سراسر منطقه آورده شده بود.»

تیم تحقیقاتی می‌گوید با وجود اینکه دیوارهای با ارتفاع چندین متری از آجرهای گلی خشک‌شده در آفتاب ساخته شده بودند و بیش از ۴۰ سال در زیر آب قرار داشتند، به گونه‌ای شگفت‌انگیز سالم مانده‌اند.

بنابر گفته پژوهشگران، دلیل این امر می‌تواند زمین لرزه‌ای باشد که در حدود سال ۱۳۵۰ رخ داد و شهر را ویران کرد. طی این حادثه قسمت‌های فوقانی دیوارها فروریختند و بخش‌های زیرین ساختمان را مدفون کردند.

در حفاری‌ها ظروف مختلف و همچنین بیش از ۱۰۰ لوح میخی به دست آمده است. قدمت این‌ الواح به دوره آشور میانه و اندکی قبل از وقوع فاجعه زلزله در شهر بازمی‌گردد. یکی از دلایل دیگر سالم ماندن این لوح‌ها این است که آن‌ها درون پاکت‌های گلی خود نگهداری می‌شده‌اند.

Photo: Universities of Freiburg and Tübingen, KAO
کاوش‌های باستان‌شناسی در شهر باستانی پدیدار شدهPhoto: Universities of Freiburg and Tübingen, KAO

به اینستاگرام یورونیوز فارسی بپیوندید

پیتر فالزنر، باستان‌شناس در دانشگاه توبینگن آلمان، می‌گوید: «تقریباً به معجزه نزدیک است که الواح میخی ساخته شده از گل پخته‌نشده چندین دهه زیر آب دوام بیاورند.»

برای حفاظت از این سایت مهم از اثرات بالا آمدن مجدد آب، دیوارها و ساختمان‌های حفاری‌شده در چارچوب یک پروژه محافظتی به طور کامل با ورقه‌های پلاستیکی محکم پوشانده شده و دیواره‌های شنی نیز در پشت آن‌ها کارگزاری شدند.

منطقه حفاری‌شده اکنون یک بار دیگر به طور کامل زیر آب رفته است.

منبع: یورنیوز

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