کد خبر : 125533
تاریخ انتشار : چهارشنبه 21 آوریل 2021 - 3:31

گچساران از نگاهی دیگر ؛ نگرشها به فرهنگ بومی

گچساران از نگاهی دیگر ؛ نگرشها به فرهنگ بومی

اثبات نیوز؛     گچساران از نگاهی دیگر؛ نگرشها به فرهنگ بومی   فرزین هاشمی ؛   مقدمه؛ وجود چند عامل سبب شده شهرستان گچساران، در جنوب غربی ایران، جایگاه و جلوه ای ویژه در منطقه پیدا کند؛  موقعیت جغرافیایی؛ گچساران، در فاصله ای تقریبا مساوی حدواسط شیراز و اهواز بعنوان دو کلانشهر بزرگ ایران

اثبات نیوز؛

 

 

گچساران از نگاهی دیگر؛ نگرشها به فرهنگ بومی

 

فرزین هاشمی ؛

 

مقدمه؛

وجود چند عامل سبب شده شهرستان گچساران، در جنوب غربی ایران، جایگاه و جلوه ای ویژه در منطقه پیدا کند؛ 

موقعیت جغرافیایی؛

گچساران، در فاصله ای تقریبا مساوی حدواسط شیراز و اهواز بعنوان دو کلانشهر بزرگ ایران قرار گرفته و مسافرتها و حمل و نقلها با مقصد این دوشهر و نیز سایر شهرستانهای دواستان خوزستان و فارس، عمدتا باگذر از مسیر گچساران انجام میگیرد. 

ازسوی دیگر گچساران از لحاظ اقلیمی یک اکوتون (زیست مرز) محسوب می شود و محل تلاقی دو اقلیم کوهستانی زاگرس و اقلیم گرم و خشک ایران است، و رگه هایی از هر دو اقلیم در شهرستان گچساران دیده می شود. با فاصله ای صد و اندی کیلومتر، گچساران هم به بلندترین قله زاگرس و کوههای دنا و هم به ساحل خلیج فارس با بنادر گناوه و دیلم مرتبط می شود.

منابع عمده انرژی ایران؛  

شهرستان گچساران معروف به بام نفتی ایران، از حوزه های بزرگ برداشت انرژی نفت و گاز ایران است و هرساله بخش زیادی از برداشتهای انرژی کشور برای مصرف داخلی و صادرات، از حوزه گچساران انجام می گیرد و همین سبب اهمیت و جذابیت بیشتر گچساران شده است. همچنین دو رودخانه بزرگ منطقه یعنی خیرآباد و زهره در گچساران جاری هستند بصورت دو سد بزرگ کوثر و چم شیر، بهره برداری از آنها درجریان است.

 

تلاقی فرهنگها؛

گچساران از قدیم الایام، محل تلاقی اقوام و طوایف گوناگون بوده است. گرچه طوایف لر جنوبی و قشقاییها بطور سنتی در قلمرو گچساران حضور داشته اند، بنابه وضعیت جغرافیایی ویژه گچساران، و همچنین دردهه های اخیر، خانواده های زیادی عمدتا از بهبهان و اصفهان و از لرهای بختیاری در شهر سکونت گزیده اند.

 

این تلاقی فرهنگی علاوه براینکه به تبع مقوله تنوع آداب و نگرشها و برهمکنشهای اجتماعی، سبب صیقل دادن و انعطاف فرهنگ کلی شهرستان شده است، از دیدگاه تنوع زبانی و عشیره ای نیز جلوه زیبایی به آن بخشیده است.

 

نگرشها به فرهنگ بومی؛

 

امروزه چهره غالب جامعه گچساران، آمیزه دو گروه قومی لر جنوبی و ترکان قشقایی است. در تاریخ شهرستان، چیزی بنام تنازع عمده بنام قومیت میان این دو وجود نداشته است و به دلیل شباهتهای اساسی پیشینه عشایری و برخی آداب و سنن و نیز مذهب مشترک، ارتباطات و خویشاوندیهای بسیاری میان این دوگروه انجام گرفته است.

 

 با اینحال در مطالعه و بررسی نگرش این دو گروه نسبت به فرهنگ و زبان بومی تفاوتهای نگرشی عمده ای مشاهده می شود.

 

 لرها بدلیل نزدیکی بیشتر زبانی به زبان رسمی کشور، و جوسازیهای مسمومی که در سده های اخیر درپی کینه شاهان قاجار و پهلوی که مرتبا با لرها درگیر بوده اند، ایجاد شده، عمدتا در تلاش هستند که تعلق هویتی، قومی و زبانی فرزندان خود را به سمت فرهنگ غالب مرکزنشینان تغییر و تطبیق بدهند.

 

قریب به اتفاق این خانواده ها، فرزندانشان را از آموختن زبان مادری منع میکنند و با آموزش زبان فارسی از بدو تولد، سخن گفتن به زبان لری را بشکل یک تابو و ناخوشایند اجتماعی ناپسند میدانند. 

دربعد فراتر از خانواده، بنظر میرسد لرها نسبت به پیشینه و مولفه های هویتی و سرآمدان اجتماعی گذشته خود، بی اعتنا و فاقد نگرش مثبت هستند.

 

دور از ذهن نخواهد بود که بتدریج در دهه های آینده، نام و نشانی از این فرهنگ بومی ایرانی، در این منطقه دیده نشود.

درمیان قشقاییها اما وضعیت و نگرش کاملا متفاوت است؛ اغلب خانواده های قشقایی تمایلی به تغییر فرهنگی و ترک زبان مادری توسط نسل بعد نشان نمی دهند و عموما در پی آنند که همگام با لازمه های تغییر اجتماعی به سبب تغییر سریع ارتباطات و امکانات، بر هویت و زبان مادری خود تاکید و اصرار بورزند.

 

 علاوه بر زبان مادری، تمایل بسیار برجسته ای در ارائه فرهنگی در میان پیر و جوان قشقایی دیده می شود و مثلا فروشگاههای بسیاری را شاهد هستیم که درنامگذاری، در تلاش هستند که نام قشقایی یا بزرگان قشقایی را زنده نگه دارند.

بسیاری از خانواده های قشقایی مفتخرانه از المانها، نمادها و برچسبهای خودرویی برای ابراز تعلق فرهنگی خود استفاده میکنند.

از سوی دیگر برخلاف لران، قشقاییها برای گرامیداشت و تکریم سرآمدان و بزرگان خود، همت بسیاری نموده اند و در نتیجه آن امروزه بخش زیادی از بلوارها و خیابانهای گچساران، نام مفاخر قشقایی و حتی ترکان غیرقشقایی به خود گرفته اند. بلوار استادبهمن بیگی شمالی، بلوار استاد بهمن بیگی جنوبی، خیابان ستارخان، بلوار آیت اله جهانگیرخان قشقایی، و بلوار شاعر بزرگ قشقایی، میرزا مأذون قشقایی، نمونه ای از این دست اند.

 

نتیجه گیری؛

تنوع فرهنگی در کنار امتیازات جغرافیایی و منابع غنی انرژی، از جاذبه و امتیازات شهرستان گچساران است که به زیبایی آن افزوده است. با اینحال باوجود اهمیت ماندگاری و پاسداری از خرده فرهنگها، بین دو گروه قومیتی اختلاف نگرش عمده ای در توجه به فرهنگ و زبان مادری وجود دارد. جامعه لرزبان بسرعت در حال اضمحلال فرهنگی و هویتی هستند ولی در جامعه قشقایی، حفظ میراث فرهنگی به خوبی در دستور کار جامعه بوده که پیامد آن ماندگاری و حفظ هویت قومی فرهنگی قشقایی با وجود سیر تحولات اجتماعی می باشد.

 

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