کد خبر : 138971
تاریخ انتشار : دوشنبه 4 آوریل 2022 - 20:22

کاهش گاومیش‌های خوزستان و راهکار دامپزشک عراقی

کاهش گاومیش‌های خوزستان و راهکار دامپزشک عراقی

بسیاری از گاومیش‌های ایران که زیستگاه اصلی آنها در خورها و رودخانه‌های استان خوزستان است، در سال ۱۴۰۰ به دلیل خشکسالی و کم‌آبی به بیماری دچار گشته و تلف شدند. تابستان سال گذشته در شبکه‌های اجتماعی تصاویر دردناکی از گاومیش‌ها در تالاب‌های خشک شده و کم آب خوزستان به ویژه در آتش‌سوزی نیزارهای هورالعظیم همرسان

بسیاری از گاومیش‌های ایران که زیستگاه اصلی آنها در خورها و رودخانه‌های استان خوزستان است، در سال ۱۴۰۰ به دلیل خشکسالی و کم‌آبی به بیماری دچار گشته و تلف شدند.

تابستان سال گذشته در شبکه‌های اجتماعی تصاویر دردناکی از گاومیش‌ها در تالاب‌های خشک شده و کم آب خوزستان به ویژه در آتش‌سوزی نیزارهای هورالعظیم همرسان شد که در آن، این حیوانات با پوستی آفتاب‌سوخته و در حال تقلا برای زنده ماندن دیده می‌شدند.

اپلیکیشن یورونیوز را از پل استور دانلود کنید

گاومیش به دلیل مقاومت بدنی بالا، قدرت تطبیق با شرایط سخت زیست‌محیطی و خوراک کم‌هزینه در برابر شیردهی و کار سخت، دام ارزشمندی در ایران به حساب می‌آید. اما جمعیت این حیوان بومی ایران در چند دهه اخیر به دلیل افزایش جمعیت انسانی و گسترش شهرنشینی از یک سو و بی‌آبی و کاهش نزولات آسمانی از سوی دیگر، بسیار کم‌شمارتر شده است.

در حالی که جمعیت این گونه حیوانی در ایران در دهه ۴۰ بیش از یک میلیون رأس بود، در سال ۱۴۰۰ تقریبا به یک چهارم کاهش یافت و به حدود ۲۲۵ هزار رأس رسید. گاومیش به جز خوزستان در برخی استان‌های دیگر ایران از جمله گیلان نیز یافت می‌شود.

راهکار دامپزشک عراقی

گاومیش‌ها در جلگه‌های عراق نیز که شرایطی مشابه خوزستان دارند، در شرایط سختی به سر می‌برند و در صورت بیماری، صاحبان‌شان به دلیل فقر و کمبود امکانات، نمی‌توانند آنها را نزد دامپزشک ببرند.

در عراق، یک دامپزشک با قایقی موتوری شبیه قایق‌های گردشگری در باتلاق‌های جنوب این کشور به کمک دامداران می‌رود تا گاومیش‌هایشان را از بیماری و مرگ نجات دهد.

دکتر کرار ابراهیم هندی به خبرگزاری فرانسه می‌گوید: «این آمبولانس دامپزشکی نخستین و تنها نمونه در نوع خود در باتلاق‌های عراق است».

او که با این قایق در میان گاومیش‌ها حرکت می‌کند، می‌گوید ویژگی این «آمبولانس» شناور آن است که دامپزشک را نزد حیوانات می‌برد، نه برعکس.

باتلاق‌های جنوب عراق در میان دو رودخانه‌ دجله و فرات، یکی از بزرگترین دلتاهای داخلی جهان قرار دارند. این منطقه به دلیل تنوع زیستی و غنای تاریخی در سال ۲۰۱۶ به عنوان میراث جهانی ثبت شد. این همان جایی است که به گفته برخی، باغ عدن نام دارد، یعنی جایی که آدم و حوا در آن زندگی می‌کردند.

به اینستاگرام یورونیوز فارسی بپیوندید

در این باتلاق‌ها حدود ۳۰۰ هزار رأس گاومیش وجود دارد و هرکدام از دامداران بین ۵ تا ۱۰۰ رأس از این حیوان دارند.

شیر گاومیش که با معده‌های حساس هم سازگار است، در سراسر عراق مصرف می‌شود و پنیر و خامه آن در صبحانه عراقی‌ها جای ویژه دارد.

مختار محمد سعید، مدیر یک سازمان غیردولتی عراقی به نام «اقلیم سبز» است که این پروژه را تأمین مالی می‌کند. او به خبرگزاری فرانسه می‌گوید که وقتی گاومیشی بیمار می‌شود، دامدار نمی‌تواند آن را به شهر منتقل کند و خطر تشخیص اشتباه نیز وجود دارد.

خبرگزاری مهر
گاومیش‌های سوخته در هورالعظیم خوزستانخبرگزاری مهر

«دامپزشکان بدون مرز» نیز که یک سازمان مردم‌نهاد فرانسوی است به «اقلیم سبز» در تأمین مالی پروژه کمک می‌کند. این نهاد فرانسوی به دامپزشکان عراقی نیز آموزش می‌دهد.

دکتر هندی می‌گوید: «بعضی از دامداران فقط یک یا دو گاومیش دارند اما پول ندارند. آنها نمی‌دانند چگونه حیوان خود را درمان کنند. بنابراین گاومیش‌ها بیمار می‌شوند، ظرف دو سه روز حال‌شان بدتر می‌شود و در نهایت می‌میرند.»

دامداران امروزه علاوه بر آسیب‌های معمولی گاومیش‌ها، از پیامد آسیب‌های دیگر مانند آلودگی و تغییرات آب و هوایی بر روی این جانوران بیم دارند. عراق نیز مانند ایران خشکسالی‌های طولانی و مکرر فزاینده‌ای را تجربه کرده است.

بر اساس گزارش سازمان ملل، عراق پنجمین کشور آسیب‌پذیر جهان در برابر تغییرات اقلیمی است و میزان آسیب‌پذیری ایران نیز از میانگین جهانی بیشتر است.

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